India north korea

Both nations hv arnd 500 million sales and have embassies too

A recent editorial in The Indian Express lamented: “The departed North Korean dictator will be remembered for helping bring many Indian cities within range of Pakistani nuclear weapons.”

However, Elizabeth Roche of Livemint.com, wrote that India simply wants to make sure that instability in North Korea does not spill over into two of its most important North Asian allies and trade partners, Japan and South Korea.

But she cautioned that although India is one of the countries with a diplomatic presence in North Korea, “[India] has very little leverage with Pyongyang.”

Rajaram Panda, a senior fellow with the Institute of Defense Studies and Analyses, told Livemint: “Any instability in the Korean peninsula will affect entire East Asia and parts of South-East Asia. Much depends on how well [new North Korean leader] Kim Jong-Un manages to take and hold power, the equations between him and the military and between him and his family members who also wield power. If there is a military revolt, usurping of power by some group or the other, it can have major repercussions.”

Rajeev Sharma, of The South Asia Analysis Group, a non-profit, non-commercial think tank, asserted that what happens in North Korea is of great importance to India – and it all has to do with China.

“India’s interests in North Korea cannot be over-emphasized,” he wrote. “Indian interests in North Korea have to begin and end with China. It is China, after all, that has been pursuing a… a strategy of encircling India. China’s close strategic friends are well known, all of whom have been nations like Pakistan, Myanmar and North Korea. Pakistan is currently in a snake pit, has a rapidly deteriorating economy and a tinder box political situation domestically. Myanmar has suffered UN sanctions for decades and has been an iron country for decades sitting in the kangaroo pouch of China. Now Myanmar is showing signs of liberating itself from the clutches of the Chinese and has hosted Hillary Clinton recently. This leaves out only the North Koreans from the list of trusted and tested friends of the Chinese in half a century. If North Korea were to extend an olive branch to the Americans, a scenario that is not unlikely, it will bring the Chinese cup of strategic woes to the brim. And the Indians would not be complaining!”

Mdg lessons learnt

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) agenda crafted in 2001 targeting prominent challenges the world facing. These are eight international development goals to be achieved by 2015 addressing poverty, hunger, maternal and child mortality, communicable disease, education, gender inequality, environmental damage and the global partnership. This framework has laid ground by setting quantitative and time-bound targets despite variability among countries capability and starting baselines.

Though irregular, the MDGs announcement have raised governments' commitment and public awareness that helped mobilize action in support of poverty eradication efforts across the world. However, since the ongoing interventions are variable and slow, some of the targets may remain unreachable. Most efforts worldwide have focused on maternal and child health and communicable diseases with limited attention to other targets. As a result, as the deadline for the MDGs comes closer, some countries are on track of achieving some of the targets, but, some of the world's low income countries are being left behind in efforts to meet the targets.

Several factors contributed for these irregularities. The MDGs were developed somehow in a closed-door with little or no consultation among developing countries, civil society and other stakeholders which resulted in poor ownership by civil society and national governments. Furthermore, they focus on sub-sections of certain social sectors and selective human needs. In some, the targets are not ambitious enough, in others, they are unfeasible. The other failure has been a lack of accountability for meeting goals in an equitable, transparent and participatory manner that promotes sustained institutional change.

The UN decided on the need of setting a more ambitious development agenda to accede to the MDGs. The goals and targets beyond 2015 must consider lessons from the current set of MDGs. The first step is to have broad consultations on the future goals by creating fora for local, national, and regional debate involving key stakeholders, including governments, civil societies, private sector and development agencies.

Accordingly, the post-2015 agenda is now under discussion. The new targets, whatever the nomenclature is, should reflect today's political situation, health and environmental challenges, and an all-inclusive, inter-sectoral and accountable approach should be adopted. Nations must agree on a new set of goals and adapt at the national level to reflect each country's specific capacities, constraints and challenges. In addition to customizing the targets, countries should be assessed on their progress and the efforts they are making to expand opportunities to live in freedom and dignity for all, without discrimination.

Now sdgs apply to both developinh and developed.

Sdg 3 for example has now focused on preventive and wellness aspect of health compared to simply disease control aspect of mdg.

Also in the same direction is the inclusion of non communicable diseases while mdg only had communicable diseases

Aagc

India, meanwhile, has invested in the continent based on a “model of cooperation… free of conditions,” prioritizing the needs of the African stakeholders. The Delhi Declaration 2015, “Partners in Progress: Towards a Dynamic and Transformative Development Agenda” adopted at the IAFS is aligned with the objectives of Agenda 2063. India’s Africa policy draws strength from India’s support for democracy, anti-colonialism, anti-racism, and India’s contribution by way of developmental aid  and participation in the UN peacekeeping operations in Africa. At the 2015 IAFS, India extended $10 billion aimed at development projects over five years and offered $600 million in grant assistance, including an India-Africa development fund of $100 million. Indian engagement has focused on education, capacity building, skill and human resources development, and the Pan-African e-network supporting tele-education, tele-medicine, and e-commerce.

Meanwhile, as Africa’s economic growth gathers momentum, India’s interests are shaped by expanding African markets. The Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), in its report “The Rising Africa,” argued that resources, a mounting consumer base, and generally positive economic projections influence interest in the continent as a business and investment target. With an objective of achieving $100 billion in bilateral trade in the next two years, the focus is on power, pharmaceuticals, ICT, and services.

India’s energy stakes are another important variable shaping New Delhi’s approach toward Africa. Africa’s hydrocarbon sector is of interest in order to fuel the Indian economic engine. 2014 crude import statistics reflect that India sourced16 percent of its consumption (32 million metric tonnes, or MMT) from Africa: 3 MMT from North Africa and 29 MMT from West Africa, primarily from Nigeria and Angola.

Drawing from India and Japan’s respective stakes in the continent, as well as their bilateral and regional ambitions in the Indo-Pacific, Tokyo and New Delhi have paved the way for greater coordination in Africa. Where there is an alignment of interests, India has invested in strengthening relations with likeminded countries. New Delhi is working with Washington and Tokyo to support African development.

Founded on a consultative and inclusive approach, the idea of AAGC is aimed at cultivating value chains, integrating and developing a competitive economic bloc, thereby accelerating Africa and Asia’s development trajectory. However, translating the idea into deliverables will require India and Japan to conceive of joint projects aiding capacity building, infrastructure, and connectivity; synergize their resources and capabilities; and most importantly ensure the efficient implementation of these projects to demonstrate bilateral commitment to African partners.

Ethics and power

Frederickson

H. George Frederickson is a generalist in the field of public administration with particular interests in public things, theories of public administration, systems of multi-level governance, and American local government.[1] He currently serves as the Edwin O. Stene Distinguished Professor of Public Administration at the University of Kansas.[2] He was President Emeritus of Eastern Washington University until 1987and served as President of the American Society for Public Administration] (ASPA).[3]Frederickson is the founding editor of the Journal of Public Affairs Education (JPAE) and founder and Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory (JPART).

Major influences on public administrationEdit

Minnowbrook IIEditFrederickson is responsible for coordinating the second Minnowbrook Conference, Minnowbrook II, held in 1988. The conference was held at Syracuse University's conference center in the Adirondack Mountains. Lasting a total of four days, Minnowbrook II gave Frederickson and his colleagues the chance to reexamine the impacts of Minnowbrook I on the field of Public Administration.[citation needed]Social equityEditIn 1968 Frederickson came up with "a theory of social equity and put it forward as the "third pillar" of public administration."[4]Frederickson was concerned that those in public administration were making the mistake of assuming that citizen A is the same as citizen B; ignoring social and economic conditions. His goal is: for social equity to take on the same "status as economy and efficiency as values or principles to which public administration should adhere."[4]Moral justification for bureaucracyEditIn 2002 Frederickson published an article for Administration & Society, titled, Confucius and the Moral Basis of Bureaucracy. In this article Frederickson describes the need for a "moral basis of bureaucracy" in the West. He argues, "the moral justification for bureaucracy in systems of democratic self-government is stronger in Eastern thought than in Western philosophy and practice."[5] In this article, Frederickson describes the several "central features" of Confucianism.[5] He then compares them to Western approaches to bureaucracy; providing "contemporary examples."[5] These central features are: "(1) the rule of man versus the rule of law, (2) the characteristics of the good official, (3) the nature of moral conventions and their importance to governing, (4) the importance of education and merit, (5) how to serve those in power, (6) the nature and order of society, and (7) the definitions of virtue and morality."[5]High reliability organizationsEditIn the article, Airport Security, High Reliability, and the Problem of Rationality, Frederickson "applies the concepts and logic of high reliability organizations to airport security operations".[6] Frederickson examines both the internal and external properties of High-Reliability Organizations (HRO). He argues, after September 11, 2001, the American commercial air travel industry needs to be operated as a HRO in order to prevent future catastrophes. "For commercial air travel to be highly secure, there must be very high levels of technical competence and sustained performance, regular training, structure redundancy, collegial, decentralized authority patterns, processes that reward error discovery and correction, adequate and reliable funding, high mission valence, reliable and timely information, and protection from external interference in operations."[6

Smarter cities

The cities selected have started project preparations and implementation. Smart city mission has given 2017- 2022 time frame for the implementation of the area development plan submitted during the smart city challenge. As part of the plans submitted by the selected cities only a small part of the city will be developed by the Special purpose vehicle(city specific company) and it will become a model for replication by other parts of the city.

The idea behind smart city mission is to develop a small area in the city to such a high level that - other parts of the city, media and opposition parties become envy of that and will put pressure on the city council, local government officials, public servants and mayor to upgrade living standard of their part of the city to standard set by the areas upgraded through smart city mission. This will also have rub off effect on the other nearby towns and cities. The city will be selected only on the basis of the city's commitment, city's implementation track record and the commitment extended by the state government regarding funding the transformation, assessed through national level smart cities challenge.

Each city has to start a public sector company with the shareholding of state government, central government, city council and the private sector. This company is responsible of for raising the money from the debt and equity market along with utilising the grant and aid provided by the state and central governments.

If a city selected for the smart city mision does not meet the timeline and speed set by the urban development ministry of the modi government, it will lose the future financial support and a new city will be replaced in its place to be developed as smart city.

16 smart cities have made preparations list their Municipal Bonds in stock markets as civic bodies across the country clamor to raise funds in a hot race to stay ahead of peers in India’s smart cities sweepstakes. Pune’s Rs 200-crore municipal bonds issue was listed in BSE on June 22. Another 15 smart cities have already appointed transactional advisers and will hit the market soon on lines of Pune. Some of the cities include Jaipur, Jabalpur, Ahmedabad, Visakhapatnam, Indore, NDMC, Kakinada, Udaipur, Bhopal, Warangal, Kota, Bhiwadi, Kishangarh, Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC) and Panaji.

All the selected cities have created the SPV as a public sector company to implement the smart city mission in their city. City council in those city's have delegated many of their rights to this SPV.

Some of the developments reported in the media are

The projects that have been launched by Ahmedabad are "sewage treatment plant, housing project and smart learning in municipal schools".Bhubaneswar launched "railway multi-modal hub, traffic signalisation project and urban knowledge centre".New Delhi Municipal Council launched "mini-sewerage treatment plants, 444 smart class rooms, WiFi, smart LED streetlights, city surveillance, command and control centre".

Downs and hierarchy

Bureaucracy is a system of hierarchy. Every official has superiors, equals, and subordinates. "These superior-subordinate relationships are especially important because every official's chances for improving his position in the bureau, including promotion, higher salary, and success in furthering policies favors" certain actors (p 80).

What Officials Want

Officials have four types of goal: ultimate goals, social conduct goals, basic political action goals, basic personal goals. A particular "type" of goal is specifically bureau-oriented goals which are divided in these subcategories:

Social function goals comprise the values of officials concerning the broad social functions carried out by the bureau to which they belong.Bureau-structure goals comprise the values of officials concerning the "constitutional design" of their bureaus.Broad bureau policy goals involve the longer-term objectives that the bureau pursues in order to carry out its major social functions.Specific bureau policy goals involve the particular actions that the bureau takes in attempting to achieve its broad policy goals.Fives Types of Official

Downs sees five types of officials running the bureaucracy.

Purely self-interested officials are motivated almost entirely by goals that benefit themselves rather than their bureaus or society as a whole. These come in two sub-types:Climbers (they consider power, income, and prestige all-important in their value structures).Conservers consider convenience and security all-importantMixed-motivated officials have goals that combine self-interest and altruistic loyalty to larger values.Zealots are loyal to relatively narrow policies or concepts, such as the development of nuclear submarines.Advocates are loyal to a broader set of functions or to a broader organization than zealots.Statesmen are loyal to society as a whole.Determinants of an Official's TypePsychological predispositions. An ambitious man tends to be a climber; a timorous one tends to be a conserver.The nature of the position occupied by the official. Each bureaucratic position exerts a certain amount of pressure upon its occupant to exhibit specific behavior patterns.The probability that an official actually attain the goals associated with the particular type toward which he is psychologically inclined.Type and BehaviorClimbers: In search of promotions, he seeks to aggrandize his current office/income and find new opportunities above it (or outside the bureau).Conservers: Motivated by job security and convenience, they strongly oppose any losses in their existing power, income, and prestige but do not actively pursue more of these "goods".Advocates: As partisans, advocates promote everything they can within their jurisdiction. They have the tendency toward two-faced attitudes: each advocate is highly partisan externally, but an impartial arbiter internally.Zealots are poor general administrators because of the narrowness of their interests. They antagonize other officials by their refusal to be impartial. They are almost never assigned to high-level administrative or command positions.Statesmen: "Natural" statesmen are doomed to be misfits in office. Most are forced by the exigencies of their positions to behave like some other type (usually advocates).

Alison models

The following quotation provides a quick overview of Allison's three conceptual models:

"A central metaphor illuminates differences among these models. Foreign policy has often been compared to moves, sequences of moves, and games of chess. If one were limited to observations on a screen upon which moves in the chess game were projected without information as to how the pieces came to be moved, he would assume--as Model 1 does--that an individual chess player was moving the pieces with reference to plans and maneuvers toward the goal of winning the game. But a pattern of moves can be imagined that would lead the serious observer, after matching several games, to consider the hypothesis [Model 2] that the chess player was not a single individual but rather a loose alliance of semi-independent organizations, each of which moved its set of pieces according to standard operating procedures. For example, movement of separate sets of pieces might proceed in turn, each according to a routine, the king's rook, bishop, and their pawns repeatedly attacking the opponent according to a fixed plan. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the pattern of play [Model 3] would suggest to an observer that a number of distinct players, with distinct objectives but shared power over the pieces, were determining the moves as the resultant of collegial bargaining. For example, the black rook's move might contribute to the loss of a black knight with no comparable gain for the black team, but with the black rook becoming the principal guardian of the 'palace' on that side of the board."

Allison presents three models, producing decisions, outputs, or outcomes.

Model 1

The state acts as a unitary rational actor to make "decisions."

Model 2

The sub-units of the state act according to pre-determined procedures to produce an "output." The state is still essentially a unitary actor, but the analogy is now a quarterback, not a chess player. Just as a quarterback calls certain (pre-planned) plays, the government can only dictate policy options that are already in the standard operating procedures (SOPs).

Model 3

In this model, "where you stand depends on where you sit." Those in charge of various state responsibilities (Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, etc.) make predictable arguments based on their present position. Policy "outcomes" are the result of negotiations among these leaders. This model dispenses fully with the "unitary" government idea. "The decisions and actions of governments are essentially intra-national political outcomes: outcomes in the sense that what happens is not chosen as a solution to a problem but rather results from compromise, coalition, competition, and confusion among government officials who see different faces of an issue; political in the sense that the activity from which the outcomes emerge is best characterized as bargaining."

Application

Allison analyzes the Cuban missile crisis. His point is not so much to explain what happened as to show that alternative conceptual models (2 and 3) might also be important. We need to be aware of what our underlying assumptions are.

Heat wave ra...mains ra

https://youtu.be/XbPvsQbPOAc

The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel and concrete arch bridge under construction between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. When finished, the bridge will span the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river, making it the world's highest rail bridge.[2] The bridge is scheduled to open in 2019.[3]

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize,   demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and   biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Justification: Statement 1: The founding of TEER is actually a bit elaborate. It started from the G8+5 environment ministers since 2007. You can read more about it in the source given below.

The TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The 1907 Surat session was held at the bank of the Tapti river in Surat. The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal and Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. The Surat session was presided by Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh.

narmada drains into gulf of kambhat not kutch...remember runn of kutch its up so there only will be gulf of kutcch

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India .  in the nalmalla hills of ap

Rey

The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel and concrete arch bridge under construction between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. When finished, the bridge will span the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river, making it the world's highest rail bridge.[2] The bridge is scheduled to open in 2019.[3]

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize,   demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and   biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Justification: Statement 1: The founding of TEER is actually a bit elaborate. It started from the G8+5 environment ministers since 2007. You can read more about it in the source given below.

The TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The 1907 Surat session was held at the bank of the Tapti river in Surat. The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal and Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. The Surat session was presided by Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh.

narmada drains into gulf of kambhat not kutch...remember runn of kutch its up so there only will be gulf of kutcch

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India .  in the nalmalla hills of ap

The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel and concrete arch bridge under construction between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. When finished, the bridge will span the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river, making it the world's highest rail bridge.[2] The bridge is scheduled to open in 2019.[3]

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize,   demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and   biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Justification: Statement 1: The founding of TEER is actually a bit elaborate. It started from the G8+5 environment ministers since 2007. You can read more about it in the source given below.

The TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The 1907 Surat session was held at the bank of the Tapti river in Surat. The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal and Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. The Surat session was presided by Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh.

narmada drains into gulf of kambhat not kutch...remember runn of kutch its up so there only will be gulf of kutcch

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India .  in the nalmalla hills of ap

nthng

The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel and concrete arch bridge under construction between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. When finished, the bridge will span the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river, making it the world's highest rail bridge.[2] The bridge is scheduled to open in 2019.[3]

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize,   demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and   biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Justification: Statement 1: The founding of TEER is actually a bit elaborate. It started from the G8+5 environment ministers since 2007. You can read more about it in the source given below.

The TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The 1907 Surat session was held at the bank of the Tapti river in Surat. The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal and Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. The Surat session was presided by Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh.

narmada drains into gulf of kambhat not kutch...remember runn of kutch its up so there only will be gulf of kutcch

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India .  in the nalmalla hills of ap

rise

The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel and concrete arch bridge under construction between Bakkal and Kauri in the Reasi district of Jammu and Kashmir in India. When finished, the bridge will span the Chenab River at a height of 359 m (1,178 ft) above the river, making it the world's highest rail bridge.[2] The bridge is scheduled to open in 2019.[3]

The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?

It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize,   demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and   biodiversity.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

(a) 1 and 2 only

(b) 3 only

(c) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3

Solution: C

Justification: Statement 1: The founding of TEER is actually a bit elaborate. It started from the G8+5 environment ministers since 2007. You can read more about it in the source given below.

The TEEB office is hosted by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

The 1907 Surat session was held at the bank of the Tapti river in Surat. The Extremist camp was led by Lal Bal and Pal and the moderate camp was led by Gopal Krishna Gokhle. The Surat session was presided by Dr. Rash Behari Ghosh.

narmada drains into gulf of kambhat not kutch...remember runn of kutch its up so there only will be gulf of kutcch

Nagarjunsagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve is the largest tiger reserve in India .  in the nalmalla hills of ap

Pub adm

Just as the terror attacks turned attention to the cuts to police services, the tragedy at Grenfell is likely to focus attention on the London Fire Brigade, including the closure of 10 fire stations and the removal of 500 firefighters to make savings of £100 million. An independent review published in November last year called for no more cuts to be made if the Fire Brigade was to have sufficient resources to meet future challenges.

Mittlestand model for indian msme

http://blogs.economictimes.indiatimes.com/et-commentary/whether-in-germany-or-india-family-business-uber-alles/

Paper

Ministry seeks to exit non-core areas: http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ministry-seeks-to-exit-non-core-areas/article18718570.ece